Events of the Prophetic Biography

The Prophet's ﷺ lineage back to Adnan

The event mentions the noble lineage of the Prophet ﷺ in order, from Muhammad ibn Abdullah ﷺ to Adnan. It is a basic introduction to his noble person and his Arab, Hashimi origin.

The birth of the Prophet ﷺ as an orphan

the Prophet ﷺ was born an orphan on Monday, when twelve nights had passed of the month of Rabi' al-Awwal, in the Year of the Elephant.

Glad tidings of the birth and the light seen by his mother

The Prophet ﷺ said about himself that he was the supplication of Ibrahim and the glad tidings of Isa (Jesus), and that his mother saw, when she was pregnant with him, a light by which the palaces of Busra in the land of ash-Sham were lit up.

The Prophet ﷺ is nursed among Banu Sa'd

It is mentioned that the Prophet's ﷺ wet nurse was Halimah bint Abi Dhu'ayb as-Sa'diyyah, and that many blessings appeared with his presence in her home.

The splitting of the chest and washing of the heart

When the Prophet ﷺ reached four years of age, two angels came to him, split open his chest, washed his heart, then restored it. So the description is limited to what was reported.

Death of Aminah and the guardianship of Abd al-Muttalib

When the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ reached the age of six, his mother Aminah died at al-Abwa between Makkah and Madinah, and his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib took charge of his care.

Death of Abd al-Muttalib and the guardianship of Abu Talib

When the Prophet ﷺ reached the age of eight, his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib died. He had entrusted his care to his uncle Abu Talib, who then took charge of his care and protection.

The Prophet's ﷺ journey to ash-Sham and meeting with the monk Bahira

The Prophet ﷺ went with his uncle Abu Talib to ash-Sham (Greater Syria) when he was twelve years old. When they reached Busra, Bahira the monk saw him, recognized in him the signs of prophethood, and advised his uncle to send him back to Makkah, so he returned with him.

The Fijar War at the age of fifteen

When the Prophet ﷺ reached the age of fifteen, the Fijar War took place, and he attended it. He used to prepare arrows for his uncles to shoot.

The Pact of al-Fudul

The Prophet ﷺ witnessed The Pact of al-Fudul, in which tribes of Quraysh agreed to support the wronged and repel injustice from him. This took place in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an.

His marriage to Khadijah

When the Prophet ﷺ reached the age of twenty-five, he married Khadijah. Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum mentions that the marriage took place two months after his return from ash-Sham (Greater Syria), and that Khadijah was the first woman the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married, and he did not marry any other woman alongside her until she died.

The Prophet ﷺ arbitrates the placing of the Black Stone

When the Prophet ﷺ reached the age of thirty-five, Quraysh disagreed over who should have the honor of placing the Black Stone in its position during the rebuilding of the Kabah. They referred the matter to him, and he judged between them with a solution that pleased everyone.

Successive signs of prophethood at the age of thirty-eight

Seclusion in the Cave of Hira becomes dear to him

As the Prophet ﷺ neared the age of forty, seclusion was made beloved to him. He would retreat to the Cave of Hira in Ramadan, devoting himself there to worship and reflection. This was a preparation for the revelation (wahy) that was to come.

The true dreams before the first revelation

The first form of revelation that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ began with was true dreams in sleep. He would not see a dream except that it came true like the break of dawn. This continued for six months before Jibril (Gabriel) descended with revelation.

The beginning of revelation in the Cave of Hira

When the Prophet ﷺ reached forty years of age, Jibril (Gabriel) came to him with revelation (wahy) from his Lord while he was in the Cave of Hira. This was the beginning of prophethood, and the authority was confirmed.

Three years of secret preaching

The call to Islam (da'wah) began secretly in Makkah, and this stage lasted for three years before the call to Islam (da'wah) moved to broader and more public stages.

The conversion of the first Muslims (as-sabiqun al-awwalun)

The event points to the entry of the earliest forerunners into Islam at the beginning of the call to Islam (da'wah), including Khadijah, Ali, Zayd, and Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with them. They were the core of the first believing group.

The open call to Islam and Quraysh's hostility

The Prophet ﷺ was commanded to proclaim the call to Islam openly. This led to his people confronting him and showing hostility, and a harder stage of harm and turning people away from Allah's path began.

Quraysh's torture of the Muslims and their steadfastness

When the polytheists saw that their earlier methods had failed to stop the call to Islam, they consulted one another and then decided to torture the Muslims and try to turn them away from their religion. Each leader tortured those from his tribe or slaves who had accepted Islam, but the believers remained patient and steadfast in their faith.

The secret gatherings in Dar al-Arqam

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ chose Dar al-Arqam as a place where he could meet the Muslims in secret. There he recited Allah’s verses to them, purified them, and taught them the Book and wisdom. This was at a time when the call to Islam was facing harm from the polytheists and the danger of confrontation if it were public.

The emigration to Abyssinia

A group of the Companions emigrated to Abyssinia with the permission of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the fifth year of the Prophetic Mission to protect their faith. Among them were Uthman ibn Affan, Az-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf, and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, and they stayed there for ten years.

Conversion of Hamzah and Umar (event)

Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with them both, embraced Islam in the sixth year of the Prophetic Mission, and their conversion had a clear impact on the strength of Islam and the Muslims.

The boycott document against Banu Hashim

Quraysh came together to boycott Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib. They wrote a charter in which they agreed not to marry among them, nor buy or sell with them, nor sit with them, nor mix with them, until they handed over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to be killed. Then the charter was hung inside the Kabah, and Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib were confined in the Valley (shi'b) of Abu Talib.

Boycott of Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib in the Valley of Abu Talib, and the annulment of the pact (event)

Quraysh united to boycott Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib and confine them in the Valley (shi'b) of Abu Talib. The blockade lasted three years until some men of Quraysh worked to break the Charter (Sahifah), so the siege ended and Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib came out of the valley.

Death of Abu Talib and Khadijah (event)

In Year 10 after the call, Abu Talib died, then Khadijah may Allah be pleased with her died three days later. The Prophet ﷺ was deeply saddened by both, and Quraysh increased its harm against him after Abu Talib’s death.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Aishah (event)

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ contracted marriage with Aishah may Allah be pleased with her in Shawwal of this year when she was six years old, then consummated the marriage with her in Madinah in Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH) when she was nine years old.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Sawdah bint Zam'ah

In Shawwal of this year, the Prophet ﷺ married Sawdah bint Zam'ah, may Allah be pleased with her. She had accepted Islam long before and had made the second Hijrah to Abyssinia (Habashah). Her husband, As-Sakran ibn Amr, had died, so she became the first woman the Prophet ﷺ married after the death of Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her.

The Prophet ﷺ goes to Ta'if, then returns to Makkah under the protection of al-Mut'im ibn Adi

The Prophet ﷺ went to Ta'if to call its people to Islam, but they did not respond and harmed him, so he returned saddened. Then Allah strengthened him by showing him His support: He sent the angel of the mountains to him, and a group of jinn embraced Islam at his hands, then he entered Makkah under the protection of al-Mut'im ibn Adi.

The Prophet ﷺ presents himself to the tribes in the Hajj season and six men of Yathrib accept Islam

During the Hajj season in the eleventh year of the Mission, the Prophet ﷺ presented his call to the tribes. Six men from Yathrib responded, then returned to Madinah carrying Islam, and it spread among their people.

The Isra and Mi'raj and the obligation of the five daily prayers

The Isra and Mi'raj took place in the twelfth year of the call, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, then ascended to Sidrat al-Muntaha, and Allah made the five daily prayers obligatory for him and his ummah.

The First Pledge of al-Aqabah

In the Hajj season of the twelfth year of prophethood, twelve men from the Ansar came to the Prophet ﷺ at al-Aqabah and gave him the pledge, so this pledge was called The First Pledge of al-Aqabah. Then he sent Mus'ab ibn Umayr with them to teach them the Quran and deepen their understanding of religion, and that had a major effect on the spread of Islam in Madinah.

The Second Pledge of al-Aqabah

In the Hajj season of the thirteenth year of the mission, seventy men from the Ansar pledged to the Prophet ﷺ at al-Aqabah to support and protect him if he emigrated to them. Twelve leaders were chosen from among them, so this pledge was called The Second Pledge of al-Aqabah.

Permission to emigrate to Madinah

After permission was given for the Muslims to emigrate to Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ ordered his Companions to emigrate. He stayed waiting for permission to emigrate, and Abu Bakr and Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both, were with him in the event.

Quraysh meet in Dar an-Nadwah and Allah permits the Prophet ﷺ to emigrate

Quraysh met in Dar an-Nadwah and plotted to kill the Prophet ﷺ. Jibril peace be upon him informed him of their scheme, and Allah permitted him to leave, so he prepared for the Hijrah and emigrated.

The Prophet's ﷺ emigration (Hijrah) to Madinah

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ migrated from Makkah to Madinah in Rabi‘ al-Awwal of the first year of the Hijrah. This marked the start of a new stage in the Prophet’s biography.

Arrival at Quba and building of the Quba Mosque

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived at Quba when he came to Madinah, stayed there for a few days, then established the Quba Mosque and prayed in it.

The Friday prayer among Banu Salim

When the Prophet ﷺ set out from Quba to Madinah, Friday came upon him in Banu Salim ibn Awf. He led the people in prayer in the mosque in the valley floor. That was his first Friday prayer and the first sermon he gave in Islam.

The Prophet ﷺ stays at the house of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Madinah, he first stayed with Banu an-Najjar, then moved to the house of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari may Allah be pleased with him. That was his first residence in Madinah before the building of the Prophet's Mosque and the living quarters.

Building of the Prophet's Mosque and the living quarters

After the Prophet ﷺ arrived in Madinah, his first practical step was to build the Prophet's Mosque at the spot where his camel knelt. Then the living quarters of his ﷺ wives were built beside it. After they were completed, he moved there from the house of Abu Ayyub.

Conversion of Abdullah ibn Salam (event)

Abdullah ibn Salam, one of the Jewish scholars, entered Islam in Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH).

Zayd ibn Harithah and Abu Rafi sent to bring the Prophet's family to Madinah

The Prophet ﷺ sent Zayd ibn Harithah and Abu Rafi to Makkah to escort his daughters and his wife Sawdah bint Zam'ah to Madinah. They took them from Makkah to Madinah, and Zaynab was excluded from that.

The emigration of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq's family

It shows that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq's family may Allah be pleased with him emigrated in Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH).

Residents' prayers increased to four rak'ahs (event)

In Rabi' al-Akhir of the first year after the Hijrah, the resident prayer was increased by two rak'ahs, after both resident and travel prayer had been two rak'ahs.

Birth of Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr

Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr may Allah be pleased with them both was born in Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH), and he was the first child born to the emigrants in Islam.

Birth of an-Nu'man ibn Bashir

An-Nu'man ibn Bashir may Allah be pleased with them both was born in the first year after the Hijrah, and he was the first child born to the Ansar after the Hijrah.

Death of Kulthum ibn al-Hidm and As'ad ibn Zurarah

It mentions the death of two noble Companions, Kulthum ibn al-Hidm and As'ad ibn Zurarah may Allah be pleased with them both, in Year 1 after the Hijrah.

The institution of the adhan

In the early days of the Hijrah, the adhan was instituted as a call to prayer that proclaims monotheism and gathers the Muslims for worship.

The Charter (Sahifah) of Madinah

The Charter (Sahifah) of Madinah addressed the relationship between Muslims, the Jews, and the other components of society in Madinah, and it established the principle of covenant and treaty, while preserving security and rights during the stage of building the civil society after the Hijrah.

Expedition of Hamzah to Sif al-Bahr

In Ramadan of Year 1 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib may Allah be pleased with him on an expedition to Sif al-Bahr. It was made up of thirty men from the emigrants, sent to intercept a Quraysh caravan coming from ash-Sham. They met Quraysh and lined up for battle, then Majdi ibn Amr al-Jinni stepped in between them, and they did not fight.

Expedition of Rabigh

In Shawwal of the first year after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Ubaydah ibn al-Harith ibn al-Muttalib with sixty men from the Muhajirun to Batn Rabigh. He met Abu Sufyan with two hundred men, and the two sides exchanged arrows without fighting.

The Prophet ﷺ consummates his marriage with Aishah (event)

In Shawwal of Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH), the Prophet ﷺ consummated his marriage with Mother of the Believers Aishah may Allah be pleased with her. This matches the report that the consummation took place in Madinah in Shawwal of Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH).

Expedition of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas to al-Kharrar

Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas may Allah be pleased with him went on an expedition with twenty men to intercept a Quraysh caravan. He was ordered not to go beyond al-Kharrar, and when they reached it on the morning of the 5th, they found the caravan had passed the day before.

The brotherhood between the Muhajirun and the Ansar

The event text states that the Prophet ﷺ established brotherhood between the Muhajirun and the Ansar in Dhu al-Qa'dah of Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH).

The Expedition of al-Abwa (Waddan)

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out in Safar, in year 2 AH, with seventy men from the Muhajirun only to intercept a Quraysh caravan until he reached Waddan, and he met no resistance. He left Madinah in charge of Sa'd ibn Ubadah, may Allah be pleased with him, and in this ghazwah he concluded a treaty of alliance with Amr ibn Makhshi ad-Damri, the chief of Banu Damrah.

The Expedition of Buwat

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out in Rabi' al-Awwal of Year 2 after the Hijrah (2 AH) on the Expedition of Buwat, with 200 of his Companions, to intercept a caravan of Quraysh that included Umayyah ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi and 100 men from Quraysh, and 2,500 camels. He reached Buwat from the side of Radwa and met no opposition.

The First Badr Expedition to Wadi Safawan

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went on the First Badr Expedition in Rabiʿ al-Awwal of Year 2 after the Hijrah (2 AH), until he reached Wadi Safawan.

The Expedition of Dhat al-Ushayrah

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went in Jumada al-Ula of Year 2 after the Hijrah to The Expedition of Dhat al-Ushayrah, then made a treaty with Banu Mudlij and their allies among Banu Damrah.

Expedition of Juhaynah to a clan of Kinanah

A sariyyah from Juhaynah, in which Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas took part, set out in Rajab of Year 2 after the Hijrah to a clan of Kinanah.

Dispatch of the expedition of Abdullah ibn Jahsh to Nakhlah

The Prophet ﷺ sent an expedition led by Abdullah ibn Jahsh may Allah be pleased with him to Nakhlah in Rajab of Year 2 after the Hijrah (2 AH).

The change of the qiblah

The divine command was revealed in Year 2 after the Hijrah to change the qiblah from Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) to the Noble Kabah, and this was the first abrogation in Islam.

Obligation of fasting in Ramadan

Fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory in Sha'ban of Year 2 after the Hijrah (2 AH). It is one of the important legislative events in Madinah.

The Battle of Badr (the Great)

The Battle of Badr (the Great) took place on Friday, the seventeenth of Ramadan in the second year after the Hijrah. It was the first major decisive battle in the Prophet’s biography, and it was linked to the revelation of Surah al-Anfal and the guidance and laws it contained.

Obligation of zakat al-fitr and clarification of the zakah thresholds

In the Year 2 after the Hijrah (2 AH), zakah al-fitr was made obligatory, and the other zakah shares were clarified, in the reference passage.

Death of Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, passed away on the Muslims' return from Badr, that is, when they came back from the ghazwah.

Killing of Asma bint Marwan

Umayr ibn Adi may Allah be pleased with him killed Asma bint Marwan the Jewish woman in Ramadan of Year 2 after the Hijrah because of her harm to the Muslims.

The Prophet ﷺ goes out to the prayer ground for the Eid prayer (event)

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to the prayer ground and led the people in the Eid prayer. That was the first time he went out with the people to the prayer ground for the Eid prayer.

Killing of Abu Afak the Jew

The material states that Salim ibn Umayr may Allah be pleased with him killed Abu Afak the Jew in Shawwal in Year 2 after the Hijrah because of his incitement against the Prophet ﷺ.

The Expedition against Banu Sulaym as far as al-Kudr

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out in Shawwal of Year 2 after the Hijrah (2 AH) to Banu Sulaym, until he reached al-Kudr. It was part of the military activity that took place after Badr and in the context of strengthening the emerging Islamic state.

The emigration of Zaynab, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, migrated in Year 2 after the Hijrah, one month after the Battle of Badr.

Marriage of Ali to Fatimah

Ali ibn Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him married Fatimah may Allah be pleased with her, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, in Year 2 after the Hijrah (2 AH).

Conversion of Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi

Siege and expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa

The Jews of Banu Qaynuqa broke the treaty. The Prophet ﷺ went out to them, besieged them until they accepted his judgment, then expelled them from Madinah to Adhri'at in ash-Sham.

The Expedition of as-Sawiq

Abu Sufyan set out with 200 riders, halted at the head of Qanat, then raided a part of Madinah, burned and cut down some date palms, and killed two men. He then fled back to Makkah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ pursued him to Qarqarat al-Kudr. The men threw away a lot of sawiq from their provisions to lighten their load, and the Muslims took it. The event was called The Expedition of as-Sawiq.

Death of Uthman ibn Maz'un and his burial at al-Baqi

Uthman ibn Maz'un may Allah be pleased with him died in Dhu al-Hijjah of Year 2 after the Hijrah, and was buried at al-Baqi. He was the first of the Muhajirun to die in Madinah.

Writing of the document on blood-money (al-ma'aqil)

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote the al-ma'aqil in this year, and he had his sword hanging from him.

The Prophet's ﷺ sacrifice of two rams on Eid al-Adha

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sacrificed two rams on Eid al-Adha in the second year after the Hijrah, making one for his ummah and the other for Muhammad and his family.

The Najd Expedition at the water of Dhu Amarr

It mentions that an expedition took place in Muharram of the Year 3 after the Hijrah (3 AH) at a water place called Dhu Amarr. So the description is limited to the event itself, accurately.

Killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf

The material states that Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf the Jew was killed by order of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Rabi' al-Awwal of Year 3 after the Hijrah (3 AH). So the description is limited to what is established.

Uthman's marriage contract with Umm Kulthum and consummation

Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, contracted marriage with Umm Kulthum, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, in Rabi‘ al-Awwal of the third year after the Hijrah, then consummated the marriage in Jumada al-Akhirah.

The Expedition of Buhran

The Expedition of Buhran took place in Rabi‘ al-Akhar of Year 3 after the Hijrah (3 AH). It was a major combat patrol led by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to the land of Buhran from the direction of al-Far‘. He stayed there, then returned to Madinah without any fighting.

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to al-Qaradah

In Jumada al-Akhirah of Year 3 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a sariyyah led by Zayd ibn Harithah. It surprised a Quraysh caravan at a watering place called Qaradah and seized it, gaining much caravan property and wealth.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Hafsah bint Umar

In Sha'ban of Year 3 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married Hafsah bint Umar may Allah be pleased with her.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Zaynab bint Khuzaymah

In Ramadan of the Year 3 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married Zaynab bint Khuzaymah may Allah be pleased with her, known as the Mother of the Poor.

Birth of al-Hasan ibn Ali

Al-Hasan ibn Ali may Allah be pleased with them both was born in Ramadan of Year 3 after the Hijrah.

The Battle of Uhud

The Battle of Uhud took place in Shawwal of Year 3 after the Hijrah (3 AH), and it is one of the major events in the Prophet's biography.

The Expedition of Hamra al-Asad

The day after the Battle of Uhud, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims went to Hamra al-Asad to pursue Quraysh and prevent them from thinking of returning to Madinah. They then returned after staying there for several days without direct fighting.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married Zaynab bint Jahsh may Allah be pleased with her in Year 3 after the Hijrah (3 AH), and that was by the command of Allah, the Most High.

Revelation of the verse of hijab on the morning after Zaynab's wedding

This indicates that the verse of hijab was revealed on the morning after Zaynab's wedding, may Allah be pleased with her. The reference passage mentions Zaynab bint Jahsh and says that Allah revealed verses in Surah al-Ahzab about her.

Revelation of the prohibition of wine

The material states that the prohibition of wine was revealed in Year 3 after the Hijrah (3 AH).

Expedition of Abu Salamah against Tulayhah al-Asadi

In Muharram of Year 4 after the Hijrah (4 AH), the Expedition of Abu Salamah may Allah be pleased with him against Tulayhah al-Asadi set out, and its result was spoils and captives.

Abdullah ibn Unays sent against Khalid ibn Sufyan al-Hudhali

In Muharram of the fourth year after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abdullah ibn Unays to Khalid ibn Sufyan al-Hudhali. Abdullah killed him and returned safely to Madinah.

Expedition of ar-Raji'

In Safar of Year 4 after the Hijrah (4 AH), the Expedition of ar-Raji' took place. A group of the Muslims went out with people from Adal and Qarah to teach them the religion and the Quran. Then Banu Lihyan of Hudhayl betrayed them. They killed some of them and captured Khubayb and Zayd ibn ad-Dathinnah. In the end, Khubayb and Zayd were martyred, and Asim ibn Thabit was protected after his death so that nothing could be taken from him.

Expedition of Bir Ma'unah

The Expedition of Bir Ma'unah took place in Safar in year 4 AH, after Uhud. Its cause was that Abu Bara Amir ibn Malik asked the Prophet ﷺ to send a group of his Companions to the people of Najd to call them to Islam and teach them, and he gave them his protection. So the Prophet ﷺ sent seventy reciters and appointed al-Mundhir ibn Amr over them. They stopped at Bir Ma'unah between the land of Banu Amir and the lava field of Banu Sulaym, and they sent Haram ibn Milhan with a letter from the Prophet ﷺ to Amir ibn at-Tufayl, who killed him treacherously. Then Amir called on Ri'l, Dhakwan, and Usayyah from Banu Sulaym, and they surrounded the reciters and killed them, with only a few surviving. The Prophet ﷺ was deeply saddened by them, and he performed qunut for a month, praying against those who killed them. It was a tragic missionary incident, not a battle, and it reveals treachery after Uhud, the steadfastness of the reciters, and the sanctity of treaties in the Prophetic biography.

Expedition of Amr ibn Umayyah ad-Damri to Makkah to assassinate Abu Sufyan

Amr ibn Umayyah ad-Damri set out on an expedition to Makkah to assassinate Abu Sufyan, but the attempt failed. The source material notes that the scholars of Seerah mentioned this expedition among the events of Shawwal of 6 AH, with the clarification that the emissaries did not succeed in the assassination.

The Expedition against Banu an-Nadir and their expulsion

In Rabi' al-Awwal of the fourth year after the Hijrah, the Jews of Banu an-Nadir broke their pact. The Prophet ﷺ besieged them, then expelled them from Madinah.

Death of Abu Salamah Abdullah ibn Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi

Abu Salamah Abdullah ibn Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi may Allah be pleased with him died in Jumada al-Ula of Year 4 after the Hijrah. He was among the first to embrace Islam, and he was the husband of Umm Salamah may Allah be pleased with her.

Death of Abdullah ibn Uthman ibn Affan

The information states that Abdullah ibn Uthman ibn Affan, the son of Ruqayyah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, died in Jumada al-Awwal of Year 4 after the Hijrah, when he was six years old.

The Second Badr Expedition

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out in Sha‘ban of 4 AH for the Badr meeting that Quraysh had agreed to after Uhud. He stayed at Badr waiting for the polytheists, then the Muslims returned after Abu Sufyan and those with him did not come out to fight. They sold what they had and made a profit, and the ghazwah became known as the Second Badr and Badr al-Akhirah.

Birth of al-Husayn ibn Ali

Al-Husayn ibn Ali may Allah be pleased with them both was born in Sha'ban of Year 4 after the Hijrah, and he is the son of Fatimah may Allah be pleased with her, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Umm Salamah

In Shawwal of Year 4 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married Umm Salamah bint Abi Umayyah. Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum mentions that she had become widowed from Abu Salamah, then the Prophet ﷺ married her in the remaining nights of Shawwal that same year.

Zayd ibn Thabit learns the script of the Jews

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered Zayd ibn Thabit to learn the script of the Jews, and he learned it in fifteen days.

Stoning of the Jewish man and woman

The Jews came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a case involving a man and a woman who had committed adultery. The Prophet ﷺ asked them what they found in the Torah about stoning. They tried to hide the ruling. Then Abdullah ibn Salam may Allah be pleased with him pointed out the verse about stoning, so they admitted it. The Prophet ﷺ ordered the ruling to be carried out on them.

Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out with one thousand of the Muslims to Dumah al-Jandal in Rabi‘ al-Awwal of 5 AH after reports reached him that the tribes around it were cutting the road, looting passersby, and gathering to threaten Madinah. The people were taken by surprise when the Muslims arrived, so they fled and the Muslims met no one. The Prophet ﷺ stayed there for several days, sent out detachments, made peace with Uyaynah ibn Hisn, and then returned to Madinah.

Arrival of the delegation of Muzaynah

In Rajab of Year 5 after the Hijrah (5 AH), the delegation of Muzaynah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

Death of the mother of Sa'd ibn Ubadah

the Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out in Sha'ban of Year 5 after the Hijrah (5 AH) against Banu al-Mustaliq, most likely. This matches the event.

Juwayriyyah bint al-Harith is freed and marries the Prophet ﷺ (event)

The Prophet ﷺ freed Juwayriyyah bint al-Harith, then married her in Sha'ban of Year 5 after the Hijrah. That led to the manumission of a number of people from her household among Banu al-Mustaliq.

The incident of the slander (al-Ifk)

During the Prophet ﷺ's return from the Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq, the incident of the slander took place when the hypocrites falsely accused Mother of the Believers Aishah may Allah be pleased with her, then Allah revealed her innocence in the Quran.

The Battle of the Confederates (al-Ahzab)

The Battle of the Confederates (al-Ahzab) took place in Shawwal of Year 5 after the Hijrah (5 AH), and ended with the Confederates driven back in defeat.

The Expedition against Banu Qurayzah

The Expedition against Banu Qurayzah took place in Dhu al-Qa'dah of Year 5 after the Hijrah (5 AH). It came after Banu Qurayzah broke their pact and betrayed the Muslims during the Confederates, and this was one result of their great betrayal.

Death of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (event)

Sa'd ibn Mu'adh may Allah be pleased with him passed away in Dhu al-Hijjah of the Year 5 after the Hijrah (5 AH).

Killing of Abu Rafi Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq

After the matter of Banu Qurayzah was finished, the Khazraj asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for permission to kill Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq, known as Abu Rafi, and he gave them permission. A detachment of five men from Banu Salamah went out to his fort in Khaybar and succeeded in killing him.

The Prophet ﷺ takes Rayhanah as a concubine

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took Rayhanah as a concubine. She was among the captives from Banu Qurayzah, had embraced Islam, and stayed with him until she died in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH).

Arrival of the delegation of Ashja

The Prophet ﷺ holds a horse race

The material states that the Prophet ﷺ held a horse race in Year 5 after the Hijrah

The earthquake in Madinah

Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah to al-Qurata

Muhammad ibn Maslamah may Allah be pleased with him led an expedition in Muharram of the sixth year of the Hijrah to al-Qurata. It was one of the expeditions of military activity in this phase.

Expedition of Ukkashah ibn Mihsan to al-Ghamr

The event records say that the sariyyah of Ukkashah ibn Mihsan al-Asadi may Allah be pleased with him set out to al-Ghamr in Rabi‘ al-Awwal of Year 6 after the Hijrah, gained booty, and returned safely.

Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah to Dhu al-Qassah

The Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah, may Allah be pleased with him, went to Dhu al-Qassah. They were all killed except Muhammad ibn Maslamah, who escaped wounded.

Expedition of Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah to Dhu al-Qassah

Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah may Allah be pleased with him went out on an expedition to Dhu al-Qassah in Rabi' al-Akhir of year 6 AH. The Muslims gained spoils and returned safely, and they captured a man who then became Muslim.

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to al-Jumum

Zayd ibn Harithah, may Allah be pleased with him, went on an expedition to Banu Sulaym at al-Jumum in Rabi' al-Akhir of Year 6 after the Hijrah. Captives were taken and war booty gained, then they returned safely.

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to al-Is

An expedition led by Zayd ibn Harithah may Allah be pleased with him took place in al-Is in Jumada al-Ula of Year 6 after the Hijrah (6 AH). It ended with war booty and a safe return.

The Expedition against Banu Lihyan

The Prophet ﷺ went out against Banu Lihyan near Usfan in Jumada al-Awwal of the sixth year after the Hijrah, but the Muslims did not meet anyone from them.

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to at-Taraf

In Jumada al-Akhirah of Year 6 after the Hijrah (6 AH), Zayd ibn Harithah may Allah be pleased with him led an expedition to at-Taraf. It is mentioned that they took booty and returned safely.

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to Hisma

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to Wadi al-Qura

The expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah may Allah be pleased with him set out to Wadi al-Qura in Rajab of Year 6 after the Hijrah (6 AH) and met no resistance there.

Expedition of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf to Dumat al-Jandal

Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf may Allah be pleased with him went on an expedition to Dumah al-Jandal in Sha'ban of 6 AH. The Prophet ﷺ advised him on the best conduct in war and said to him: If they obey you, marry the daughter of their king. He stayed three days calling them to Islam, and they accepted Islam. Then he married Tumadir bint al-Asbagh.

Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib to Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr at Fadak

Ali ibn Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him went out in an expedition to Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr at Fadak, dispersed their gathering, gained spoils, and returned safely.

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to Wadi al-Qura

An expedition led by Zayd ibn Harithah may Allah be pleased with him took place in the area of Wadi al-Qura in Ramadan of Year 6 after the Hijrah. It ended with killing, captivity, war booty, and then the Muslims returned safely.

The Prophet ﷺ prays for rain and it falls

In Ramadan of Year 6 after the Hijrah, the people suffered severe drought. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed for rain for them, and rain fell.

Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawahah to Usayr ibn Zarim

An expedition led by Abdullah ibn Rawahah may Allah be pleased with him set out in Shawwal. Its reason was that Usayr, or Bashir ibn Zarim, was gathering Ghatafan to attack the Muslims. He was taken out with thirty of his men. Then a misunderstanding arose between the two sides that led to the killing of Usayr and his men.

Expedition of Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri against the Uraniyyin

In Shawwal of Year 6 after the Hijrah (6 AH), the Prophet ﷺ sent Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri in pursuit of the Uraniyyin after they had killed the shepherd of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, driven off the camels, and turned away from Islam after having entered it. They were caught and the penalty was carried out on them until they died.

Expedition of al-Khabat

The Prophet ﷺ sent 300 riders, with Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah as their commander, to watch a Quraysh caravan. They suffered severe hunger until they ate al-khabat, then Allah brought them a sea creature called al-‘anbar, and they ate from it. They returned to Madinah and told the Prophet ﷺ, and he said: It is provision Allah brought out for you.

Expedition against Banu Abs

The material states that the Expedition against Banu Abs took place in Year 6 after the Hijrah, as part of the series of expeditions witnessed in this stage of the Medinan period.

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah took place in Dhu al-Qa'dah of Year 6 after the Hijrah. It was described as a clear victory and marked a shift from confrontation to a broader phase of stability and da'wah.

The Pledge of Ridwan under the tree

The Pledge of Ridwan took place at Hudaybiyyah under the tree, during the events of the Umrah of Hudaybiyyah and the situations that followed it among the Muslims with the Prophet ﷺ.

Revelation of Surah al-Fath on the return from Hudaybiyyah

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Hudaybiyyah, at Dajnan, Surah al-Fath was revealed, and the Muslims congratulated him on that.

Revelation of the obligation of Hajj

The material states that in Year 6 after the Hijrah, the obligation of Hajj was revealed, an important act of worship legislation in building the Islamic rites.

Prohibition on Muslim women remaining with polytheist husbands

It states that in Year 6 after the Hijrah, Muslim women were forbidden to polytheist men. This is a legal ruling concerning the ending of the marital bond or marital continuation between a Muslim woman and a polytheist.

Letters to the kings and rulers

In the late part of Year 6 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to a number of kings and rulers inviting them to Islam, and he chose messengers from his Companions who had knowledge and experience.

Solar eclipse

NASA tables confirm a global total solar eclipse on 21 April 627 CE, titled Total Solar Eclipse of 627 April 21. The path of totality did not pass over Madinah, but Madinah was probably within the area of partial visibility according to modern astronomical calculations, while the exact Hijri matching remains cautious between the end of Dhu al-Qa'dah in 5 AH and the beginning of 6 AH.

Death of Sa'd ibn Khawlah in captivity in Makkah

Sa'd ibn Khawlah may Allah be pleased with him died in captivity in Makkah in Year 6 after the Hijrah (6 AH).

Arrival of the delegation of Judham

Zaynab is returned to Abu al-As under the original marriage

The Prophet ﷺ returned his daughter Zaynab to Abu al-As ibn ar-Rabi under the original marriage, in Muharram of the Year 7 after the Hijrah (7 AH). The referenced passage confirms that this return was under the original marriage after Abu al-As embraced Islam and migrated, and that this is established in the authentic hadith.

The Expedition of Dhu Qarad

The Expedition of Dhu Qarad took place in Muharram of Year 7 after the Hijrah (7 AH). It was a pursuit of a group from Fazarah who raided the camels of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The pursuit ended when the Muslims reached Dhu Qarad and kept the men from the water, then the Prophet ﷺ joined the army that evening.

The Battle of Khaybar

The Battle of Khaybar took place in Muharram of Year 7 after the Hijrah. It was one of the notable military events in this stage of the Seerah.

Prohibition of domestic donkey meat at Khaybar

It mentions that in the Battle of Khaybar, the meat of domestic donkeys was prohibited, a legal ruling linked to the time of Khaybar.

Ja'far and the Ash'aris join the Prophet ﷺ at Khaybar

During the Battle of Khaybar, Ja'far ibn Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him arrived with those with him among the emigrants to Abyssinia, and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and those with him came with them. The Prophet ﷺ welcomed them, and the information mentions that he was happy about their arrival and the victory at Khaybar.

Abu Hurayrah arrives as a Muslim after Khaybar

Abu Hurayrah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as a Muslim during the Battle of Khaybar. This is supported by Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum, which says that he came to Madinah after the Prophet ﷺ had left for Khaybar. He met Siba' ibn 'Urfutah in the morning prayer, then came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and spoke to the Muslims, so they included him and his Companions in their shares.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Umm Habibah

The Prophet ﷺ married Umm Habibah may Allah be pleased with her in Year 7 after the Hijrah (7 AH). This is supported by Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum, which says that Umm Habibah Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan was betrothed to the Prophet ﷺ and married to him in Muharram of 7 AH, then he consummated the marriage after returning from Khaybar.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Safiyyah bint Huyayy after Khaybar

After the conquest of Khaybar, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ chose Safiyyah bint Huyayy from among the captives. He invited her to Islam, and she accepted. Then he set her free and married her, making her freedom her dowry.

Expedition of Aban ibn Sa'id to Najd

The Prophet ﷺ sent a sariyyah to Najd led by Aban ibn Sa'id ibn al-As. It was before Najd was reached, and Al-Raheeq al-Makhtum mentioned it among the expeditions of Year 7 after the Hijrah. Most likely it took place in Safar of 7 AH.

The poisoned sheep affair

After the Conquest of Khaybar, Zaynab bint al-Harith gave the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a roasted, poisoned sheep. He took a mouthful from the shoulder, but he could not swallow it and spat it out. Then he said that the bone was telling him it was poisoned, and he summoned the woman, who admitted it.

Mariyah and Sirin arrive from al-Muqawqis

Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah came from al-Muqawqis to the Prophet ﷺ with Mariyah, her sister Sirin, a mule, a donkey, and clothing. Mariyah and her sister had embraced Islam before they arrived. The Prophet ﷺ then took Mariyah for himself, and she bore him Ibrahim. He gave Sirin to Hassan ibn Thabit.

Peace settlement with Fadak for half of the land

After leaving Khaybar, the Prophet ﷺ sent Muhayyisah ibn Mas'ud to Fadak to invite its people to Islam. They agreed to peace over half the land, and he accepted that from them, so half of Fadak became exclusively his, and he spent from it on wayfarers.

The conquest of Wadi al-Qura

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had finished with Khaybar, he headed to Wadi al-Qura. He fought those there until he took it by force, and he seized its property. Then he left the land and the palm trees in the hands of the Jews and dealt with them on it as he had dealt with the people of Khaybar.

Peace settlement with the Jews of Tayma

When the Jews of Tayma heard the news of what had happened to the Jews in Khaybar, Fadak, and Wadi al-Qura, they did not resist the Muslims. Instead, they sent word offering peace, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ accepted it and left them in possession of their property.

The Prophet ﷺ and his companions oversleep the Fajr prayer on the return to Madinah (event)

On their return to Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ and his companions overslept the Fajr prayer until the sun rose. This happened during travel after returning from Khaybar, and al-Rahiq al-Makhtum mentions that the Prophet ﷺ woke first, then left the valley and prayed Fajr with the people.

Al-Hajjaj ibn Ilat's ruse to recover his wealth from the polytheists of Makkah

It indicates that after the conquest of Khaybar, Al-Hajjaj ibn Ilat as-Sulami used a ruse against the polytheists of Makkah and was able to recover his property from them.

The Expedition of Dhat ar-Riqa'

The information mentioned that the Expedition of Dhat ar-Riqa' took place in Year 7 after the Hijrah (7 AH), most likely, and explained that the Prophet ﷺ set out toward a group from Ghatafan after hearing that Banu Anmar or Banu Tha'labah and Banu Muharib had gathered. He penetrated deep into their land as far as Nakhl, no fighting took place, and he led them in the prayer of fear.

Revelation of the verse of tayammum on the Expedition of Dhat ar-Riqa'

The verse of tayammum was revealed in this ghazwah in Year 7 after the Hijrah (7 AH). The source material shows that the intended event is the Expedition of Dhat ar-Riqa', one of the expeditions of Year 7 after Khaybar, in which tayammum was legislated.

The Prophet ﷺ buys Jabir's camel and returns it to him (event)

On his return from Dhat ar-Riqa', the Prophet ﷺ bought Jabir ibn Abdullah's camel, then paid him for it and gave the camel back to him.

Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi to Banu Abd ibn Tha'labah

The event records say that in Safar of the seventh year was the Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi to Banu Abd ibn Tha'labah. The reference material supports the أصل of the event, though there is disagreement about the month. Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum says it was in Ramadan of 7 AH to Banu Awal and Banu Abd ibn Tha'labah in al-Mayfa'ah, and it was also said to have been to al-Huraqat from Juhaynah.

Expedition of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq to Najd

Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khattab to Turabah

Umar ibn al-Khattab may Allah be pleased with him went on an expedition to Turabah in Sha'ban of year 7 AH, with thirty men. They traveled by night and kept hidden by day. When the news reached Hawazin, they fled. Umar came to their settlements and found no one, then returned to Madinah.

Expedition of Bashir ibn Sa'd to Banu Murrah near Fadak

Bashir ibn Sa'd al-Ansari went on an expedition to Banu Murrah near Fadak in Sha'ban of Year 7 AH, and thirty men were with him. They seized sheep and camels, then the pursuers caught up with them at night. They fought them with arrows until Bashir's arrows and the arrows of his companions were used up, and they were all killed except Bashir. He was wounded, made his way to Fadak, stayed there with the Jews until his wounds healed, then returned to Madinah.

Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi to al-Mayfa'ah

Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi went out in Ramadan, year 7 AH, on an expedition to al-Mayfa'ah. In it, Usamah ibn Zayd killed a man after he had said there is no god but Allah. When this reached the Prophet ﷺ, he strongly objected to it.

Expedition of Bashir ibn Sa'd to Yumn and Jabar

Bashir ibn Sa'd al-Ansari set out on an expedition to Yumn and Jabar in Shawwal, in the year 7 AH, with three hundred of the Muslims, to meet a large group that had gathered to raid the outskirts of Madinah. When they heard of Bashir's advance, they fled. Bashir took much livestock and captured two men. He then brought them to Madinah and to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and they embraced Islam.

The Umrah of Qada

In Dhu al-Qa'dah of Year 7 after the Hijrah, the Umrah of Qada took place. It was the Umrah in which the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions set out to make up for the Umrah of Hudaybiyyah.

The Prophet's ﷺ marriage to Maymunah bint al-Harith

The Prophet ﷺ married Maymunah bint al-Harith may Allah be pleased with her in Dhu al-Qa'dah of Year 7 after the Hijrah (7 AH). This was in the context of the Umrah of Qada, and the marriage was consummated in Sarif.

Expedition of Ibn Abi al-Awja to Banu Sulaym

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Ibn Abi al-'Awja' to Banu Sulaym in Dhu al-Hijjah of Year 7 after the Hijrah. He invited them to Islam, but they refused, then they fought fiercely. Abu al-'Awja' was wounded, and two men from the enemy were taken captive.

Conversion of Imran ibn Husayn and his father

Imran ibn Husayn and his father embraced Islam in Year 7 after the Hijrah (7 AH), may Allah be pleased with them both.

The Islam of Amr ibn al-As, Khalid ibn al-Walid and Uthman ibn Talhah

In Safar of Year 8 after the Hijrah, Amr ibn al-As, Khalid ibn al-Walid and Uthman ibn Talhah accepted Islam, then emigrated to Madinah. This is supported by Ar-Rahiq al-Makhtum, which states that they accepted Islam after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and that the Prophet ﷺ said when they arrived: Makkah has thrown to us its dearest flesh and blood.

Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi to Banu al-Mulawwih at al-Kadid

In Safar of Year 8 after the Hijrah, the expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi went to Banu al-Mulawwih at al-Kadid, and they gained booty and returned safely.

Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi to Fadak

The expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi set out to Fadak in Safar of Year 8, obtained livestock, killed, and returned safely.

Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi to Banu Amir at as-Siyy

In Rabi' al-Awwal of the eighth year, the expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi set out to Banu Amir at as-Siyy, in the region of Rukbah beyond al-Ma'din, and gained much livestock and sheep.

Expedition of Ka'b ibn Umayr al-Ghifari to Dhat Atlah

The event information states that the Expedition of Ka'b ibn Umayr al-Ghifari set out to Dhat Atlah in Rabi' al-Awwal of the eighth year, and that the entire expedition was killed except for one wounded man.

Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to Madyan

In Year 8 after the Hijrah, there was the expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to Madyan, and they captured captives from the people of the port.

Expedition of Mu'tah

The Expedition of Mu'tah took place in Jumada al-Awwal of Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH). The three commanders were killed, then Khalid ibn al-Walid took command and achieved victory.

Expedition of Amr ibn al-As to Dhat as-Salasil

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Amr ibn al-As in Jumada al-Akhirah of year 8 AH to Dhat as-Salasil. In the expedition, the Muslims were victorious, and they returned safely to Madinah.

Amr ibn al-As performs tayammum because of the intense cold and the Prophet ﷺ approves

In one of the expeditions, Amr ibn al-As became junub, so he performed tayammum because of the intense cold. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard about it, he approved what he had done.

Expedition of Abu Qatadah to Khadirah

In Sha'ban of Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH), the Expedition of Abu Qatadah set out to Khadirah, which is the land of Muharib in Najd, and they captured spoils and took prisoners.

Expedition of Abu Hadrad to al-Ghabah

The expedition of Abu Hadrad to al-Ghabah took place in Sha'ban of Year 8. In it, the chief of the people was killed, and the Muslims gained spoils.

Quraysh breach the treaty

Quraysh breached their treaty with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Sha'ban of Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH).

Abu Sufyan comes to renew the treaty

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb came in Sha'ban of Year 8 to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, seeking to renew the treaty

Hatib sends a letter to Quraysh, then the Prophet pardons him

Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah wrote to Quraysh telling them of the march of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ toward them. Allah informed His Prophet of the matter, so the letter was taken and brought to the Prophet ﷺ. He called Hatib, heard his excuse, and the Prophet ﷺ excused him and pardoned him.

Expedition of Abu Qatadah to Idam

In Ramadan of Year 8 after the Hijrah, an expedition led by Abu Qatadah al-Ansari may Allah be pleased with him set out to Idam, and its purpose was to mislead the idolaters.

The Prophet ﷺ sets out for the Conquest of Makkah

In Ramadan of Year 8 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left Madinah with his army, heading to Makkah to conquer it.

Al-Abbas arrives as an emigrant and meets the Prophet at al-Juhfah

In Ramadan of Year 8 after the Hijrah, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib came with his family as an emigrant from Makkah to Madinah, and he met the Prophet ﷺ at al-Juhfah.

Conversion of Makhramah ibn Nawfal, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith and Abdullah ibn Umayyah

In Ramadan of the eighth year after the Hijrah, Makhramah ibn Nawfal, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib, and Abdullah ibn Umayyah came, met the Prophet ﷺ, and embraced Islam.

Conversion of Abu Sufyan, Hakim ibn Hizam and Budayl ibn Warqa before the entry into Makkah

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Hakim ibn Hizam, and Budayl ibn Warqa became Muslims in Ramadan of Year 8, before the Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah.

The Prophet ﷺ breaks his fast on his mount at Kura' al-Ghamim

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached Kura al-Ghamim in Ramadan in the Year 8 after the Hijrah, after Asr, he broke his fast on his mount so that the people would see it.

The Conquest of Makkah

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Makkah in Ramadan in the Year 8 after the Hijrah as a conqueror, victorious, and supported. It is one of the greatest and most prominent events in the Seerah.

The Prophet ﷺ stays nineteen days in Makkah, shortening the prayer

The Prophet ﷺ stayed in Makkah in Ramadan of Year 8 after the Hijrah for nineteen days, and he shortened the prayer during that time.

Expedition of Usamah ibn Zayd to al-Huraqat

Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid to destroy al-Uzza

In Ramadan of Year 8 after the Hijrah, the Prophet ﷺ sent Khalid ibn al-Walid may Allah be pleased with him to al-Uzza, and he destroyed it after it had been one of the greatest idols of Quraysh and Kinanah.

Expedition of Amr ibn al-As to destroy Suwa'

In Ramadan of the year 8 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Amr ibn al-As to Suwa', an idol of Hudhayl at Ruhat, and Amr ibn al-As destroyed it.

Expedition of Sa'd ibn Zayd al-Ashhali to destroy Manat

In Ramadan of the year 8 after the Hijrah, the Prophet ﷺ sent Sa'd ibn Zayd al-Ashhali on an expedition to Manat, and he went there and destroyed it.

Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid to Banu Jadhimah

The Prophet ﷺ sent Khalid ibn al-Walid in Shawwal of Year 8 to Banu Jadhimah, inviting them to Islam, not to fight. But Khalid killed and captured some of them after they had professed Islam. When this reached the Prophet ﷺ, he disavowed Khalid's action, then sent Ali may Allah be pleased with him to pay blood money for the dead and reconcile the people.

Expedition of Qays ibn Sa'd to Suda

The event material mentions an expedition led by Qays ibn Sa'd ibn Ubadah to Suda in the Yemen area in Year 8 after the Hijrah.

The Battle of Hunayn

The Battle of Hunayn took place in Shawwal of Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH). It was one of the events of the Conquest and what followed it in organizing the affairs of the Muslims and the spoils.

Expedition of Awtas

Event data mention that in Shawwal of the eighth year after the Hijrah, the Expedition of Awtas took place under the command of Abu Amir al-Ash'ari. The Sealed Nectar also supports that the Prophet ﷺ sent a band of pursuers to Awtas led by Abu Amir al-Ash'ari after the enemy was defeated and its remnants scattered.

Expedition of at-Tufayl ibn Amr ad-Dawsi to destroy the idol Dhu al-Kaffayn

In Shawwal of Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH), the expedition of At-Tufayl ibn Amr ad-Dawsi was aimed at destroying the idol Dhu al-Kaffayn, and it was set on fire.

Building of a mosque at Bahrat ar-Ragha on the road to Ta'if

In Shawwal of the year 8 after the Hijrah, while the Prophet ﷺ was traveling to the siege of Ta'if, he passed by Bahrat ar-Ragha, built a mosque there, then prayed in it before reaching Ta'if.

The first retaliation (qisas) in Islam, at Bahrah (event)

A man of Banu Layth was killed in Bahrah in retaliation for a man of Hudhayl, and this was the first retaliation (qisas) in Islam.

The Expedition of Ta'if

Freeing of a group of slaves from Ta'if

During the siege of Ta'if in Shawwal of Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH), a group from the slaves of Ta'if came down to the Muslims. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ freed them, and among them was Abu Bakrah may Allah be pleased with him.

Lifting of the siege of Ta'if and return to al-Ji'ranah

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ lifted the siege of Ta'if after a long siege, then returned to al-Ji'ranah. There the delegation of Hawazin came to him after they had embraced Islam, and he returned the captives who were with the Muslims to them.

Division of the spoils at al-Ji'ranah and the objection of Dhu al-Khuwaysirah

After the Prophet ﷺ finished dividing the spoils at al-Ji'ranah, he gave abundant gifts to those whose hearts are to be reconciled and left the believers to their faith. Some people felt uneasy, and Dhu al-Khuwaysirah's objection became apparent.

Release of ash-Shayma, the Prophet's ﷺ foster sister (event)

In Dhu al-Qa'dah of the eighth year, Ash-Shayma, the foster sister of the Prophet ﷺ, was brought as a captive. The Prophet ﷺ treated her kindly, showed favor to her, and then freed her.

The Umrah from al-Ji'ranah

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished distributing the spoils at al-Ji'ranah, he went on Umrah from there, performed the Umrah, then returned to Madinah.

Marriage to Fatimah bint ad-Dahhak al-Kilabiyyah, then separation

The Prophet ﷺ married Fatimah bint ad-Dahhak al-Kilabiyyah in Dhu al-Qa'dah of Year 8 after the Hijrah, then she sought refuge from him, so he separated from her. The report also mentions what her state became after that.

Birth of Ibrahim, son of the Prophet ﷺ

Ibrahim, son of the Prophet ﷺ, was born to Mariyah in Dhu al-Hijjah of this year.

Birth of Umamah bint Abi al-Aas

Zaynab, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, gave birth to her daughter Umamah from Abu al-As ibn ar-Rabi. The Prophet ﷺ used to carry her in prayer.

The palm trunk groans when the Prophet ﷺ preaches from the minbar

The minbar of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was made in this year, and he delivered a sermon on it, and the palm trunk that he had used to preach from before yearned toward it.

Sawdah gives her day to Aishah

Sawdah, may Allah be pleased with her, gave her day to Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, meaning she gave up her turn in the division among the wives of the Prophet ﷺ.

Attab ibn Asid leads the Hajj as governor of Makkah

In Dhu al-Hijjah of Year 8 after the Hijrah, Attab ibn Asid may Allah be pleased with him led the people in Hajj, and he was the governor of Makkah.

Death of Mughaffal ibn Abd Nuhm al-Muzani

Mughaffal ibn Abd Nuhm al-Muzani passed away in Year 8 after the Hijrah. He was the father of the Companion Abdullah ibn Mughaffal, and he was a Companion.

Conversion of Ka'b ibn Zuhayr and his recitation of Banat Su'ad

Ka'b ibn Zuhayr embraced Islam. He came from a family of poets, and he used to satirize the Prophet ﷺ. When he came to Madinah repentant, he asked the Prophet ﷺ for safety, and the Prophet ﷺ granted it. Then he recited his famous poem, which begins with Banat Su'ad, containing an apology and praise of the Prophet ﷺ.

Death of Zaynab, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

Zaynab, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, died in the Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH). She was his oldest child, and Umm Atiyyah may Allah be pleased with her washed her.

Amr ibn al-As sent to Jayfar and Amr, the sons of al-Julanda

The Prophet ﷺ sent Amr ibn al-As to Jayfar and Amr, the sons of al-Julanda of Al-Azd, and they both accepted Islam.

Rising prices and the request for price-fixing

The information mentioned that in the Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH), prices rose, so the people asked the Prophet ﷺ to set prices for them. He mentioned Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that people said: "O Messenger of Allah, the prices have shot up, so fix the prices for us." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah is the One who fixes prices, the Withholder, the Extender, and the Provider. Indeed, I wish to meet Allah while none of you will have any claim against me for an injustice regarding blood or property." [HadeethEnc.com, api-v1].

Revelation of Surah an-Nasr

The material states that Surah an-Nasr was revealed in this year. The reference material also noted that it was revealed in the middle days of Tashriq, and that the Prophet ﷺ understood from it that farewell was near.

Arrival of the delegation of Tha'labah

Arrival of the delegation of Sulaym

The delegation of Abd al-Qays comes to the Prophet ﷺ

The delegation of Abd al-Qays came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They came on two delegations. It was mentioned that their first delegation was in the fifth year of the Hijrah, or before that. In it, they asked about faith and about drinks. Among them was Al-Ashajj al-Asri, whom the Prophet ﷺ praised.

Arrival of the delegation of Suda to the Prophet ﷺ

The delegation of Suda came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH)

Arrival of the delegation of Thumalah and al-Hidan to the Prophet ﷺ

It shows that Thumalah and al-Hidan came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 8 after the Hijrah (8 AH).

Expedition of Uyaynah ibn Hisn to Banu Tamim

In Muharram of Year 9 after the Hijrah, the Prophet ﷺ sent the Expedition of Uyaynah ibn Hisn to Banu Tamim. He attacked them and took captives from them. Then their chiefs came to the Prophet ﷺ and called to him from behind the door, and Surat al-Hujurat was revealed about them.

Abdullah ibn Awsajah sent to Banu Harithah ibn Amr

In Safar of Year 9 after the Hijrah, the Prophet ﷺ sent Abdullah ibn Awsajah to Banu Harithah ibn Amr to call them to Islam, but they refused and did not respond.

Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir to Khath'am

The Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir may Allah be pleased with him went out to Khath'am in the area of Bishah in Safar of the Year 9 after the Hijrah. Fighting or a clash took place and ended with spoils being taken and some people captured, but the leader of the expedition, Qutbah, was killed.

Arrival of the delegation of Udhrah and their conversion

The delegation of Udhrah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Safar of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH). He welcomed them and gave them glad tidings, so they embraced Islam, stayed for a few days, then returned.

Expedition of ad-Dahhak ibn Sufyan to Banu Kilab

The Expedition of ad-Dahhak ibn Sufyan to Banu Kilab was sent in Rabi' al-Awwal of 9 AH. They were invited to Islam, but they refused and fought. The Muslims defeated them and killed one man from among them.

Arrival of the delegation of Bali

A delegation from Bali arrived in Rabi‘ al-Awwal of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), and they stayed with Ruwayfi ibn Thabit al-Balawi may Allah be pleased with him.

Expedition of Alqamah ibn Mujazziz to the coast of Jeddah

The Prophet ﷺ sent Alqamah ibn Mujazziz al-Mudlaji on an expedition to the coast of Jeddah in Rabi al-Akhir of the ninth year. Its target was men from Abyssinia who had gathered there to carry out acts of piracy against the people of Makkah. When they learned that the Muslims were advancing toward them, they fled.

Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib to al-Fuls

In Rabi al-Akhar of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), the Prophet ﷺ sent Ali ibn Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him to the idol of Tayy called al-Fuls. The Muslims demolished it, took captives, and gained booty.

Expedition of Ukkashah ibn Mihsan to al-Jinab

The event mentions that in Rabi' al-Akhir of the Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), the Expedition of Ukkashah ibn Mihsan, may Allah be pleased with him, took place to al-Jinab, which is the land of Udhrah and Bali.

Talhah sent to the house of Suwaylim the Jew

The Prophet ﷺ sent Talhah ibn Ubaydullah may Allah be pleased with him in Rajab of Year 9 after the Hijrah to the house of Suwaylim the Jew to burn it with the hypocrites inside who used to hold back from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he did so.

The Expedition of Tabuk

The Expedition of Tabuk took place in Rajab of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH). It was one of the notable events of that year. Its impact appeared in the steady coming of delegations to Madinah and in the revelation of verses from Surah Bara'ah about its subject.

Prohibition on drinking or making wudu from the well of Thamud

On the Prophet ﷺ's journey to Tabuk, he passed by the homes of Thamud. He forbade his Companions from drinking the water of its well or using it for ablution, and he told them to draw water from the well that the she-camel of peace be upon him used to drink from.

Peace settlement with Yuhannah ibn Ru'bah on the jizyah

In Rajab of the year 9 AH, while the Prophet ﷺ was in Tabuk, Yuhannah ibn Ru'bah came and made a peace settlement with him on the jizyah. Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum mentions that he was the ruler of Aylah and that the Prophet wrote him a letter of safe conduct.

The people of Jarba and Adhruh come to Tabuk and pay the jizyah

In Rajab of Year 9 after the Hijrah, while the Prophet ﷺ was in Tabuk, the people of Jarba and the people of Adhruh came to him and paid the jizyah. This shows that those areas entered into political allegiance to the Muslims.

Capture of Ukaydir, king of Dumah, and his peace settlement on the jizyah

In Tabuk, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Ukaydir of Dumah al-Jandal. Khalid went to him, seized him, and brought him to the Prophet ﷺ. He spared his blood and settled with him on the jizyah.

The Prophet ﷺ prays behind Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf at Tabuk

In Rajab of Year 9 after the Hijrah, at Tabuk, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the Fajr prayer behind Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf may Allah be pleased with him.

Death of Dhu al-Bijadayn during the Expedition of Tabuk

In Rajab of the ninth year after the Hijrah, during the Expedition of Tabuk, Dhu al-Bijadayn died. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, together with the two Umars, washed and buried him, descended into his grave, and prayed for him.

The hypocrites' plot against the Prophet ﷺ on his return from Tabuk

The report mentions that the hypocrites intended to attack the Prophet ﷺ on his return from Tabuk, but Allah informed him of what they planned, so their plot failed.

Order to burn the Mosque of Dirar

In Rajab of the ninth year, when the Prophet ﷺ returned from Tabuk, he ordered the Mosque of Dirar to be burned, and it was burned.

Ka'b ibn Malik and his two companions stay behind from Tabuk, then repent

The event text says that Ka'b ibn Malik and his two companions stayed behind from The Expedition of Tabuk in Rajab of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), then they repented, and Allah accepted their repentance.

Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid to Khath'am

Announcement of the Negus's death and the funeral prayer in absentia for him

The Negus Ashamah, king of Abyssinia, died in Rajab of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH). The Prophet ﷺ announced his death and prayed the funeral prayer in absentia for him in Madinah.

Urwah ibn Mas'ud ath-Thaqafi arrives and accepts Islam, then is killed

Urwah ibn Mas'ud ath-Thaqafi came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, accepted Islam, then returned to Ta'if calling his people to Islam, and they killed him.

Arrival of the delegation of Thaqif and their conversion

The delegation of Thaqif came from Ta'if to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Ramadan of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH). They accepted Islam, then returned to their people, and kept calling them until their people accepted Islam.

Abu Sufyan and al-Mughirah sent to demolish al-Lat

In Ramadan of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Abu Sufyan and al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah to Ta'if to demolish al-Lat, and it was demolished.

Uthman ibn Abi al-As appointed governor of Ta'if (event)

In Ramadan of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), the Prophet ﷺ appointed Uthman ibn Abi al-As over Ta'if, and the information states that he was among the youngest of them because he was eager to gain understanding and learn the Quran.

Arrival of the delegation of the kings of Himyar as Muslims

In Ramadan of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), the delegation of the kings of Himyar came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, affirming Islam. This shows the widening spread of Islam among the Arabs at that stage.

Death of Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul

In Ramadan of Year 9 after the Hijrah, Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul, the head of the hypocrites in Madinah, died. The Sealed Nectar mentions that he died after the Prophet ﷺ returned from Tabuk, and that the Prophet prayed for his forgiveness and prayed over him after Umar tried to prevent him from doing so.

Abu Bakr leads the Hajj by the Prophet's ﷺ order

In Dhu al-Hijjah of Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), Abu Bakr as-Siddiq may Allah be pleased with him led the people in Hajj by the order of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then Ali ibn Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him was sent to deliver the opening verses of Surat at-Tawbah, and the people were announced that after that year no polytheist would perform Hajj or circle the House naked.

Ali sent with the declaration of release (Bara'ah) to the Hajj (event)

In Dhu al-Hijjah of the ninth year, the Prophet ﷺ sent Ali may Allah be pleased with him to Hajj to recite Surah Bara’ah to the people, and he did so on the Day of Sacrifice at the jamrah.

Death of Umm Kulthum, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

Umm Kulthum, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, died in Year 9 after the Hijrah. The report says it was in Sha'ban, and the Prophet ﷺ was deeply saddened by her death.

Death of Suhayl ibn Bayda and the funeral prayer for him in Madinah

Suhayl ibn Bayda al-Fihri died in Year 9 after the Hijrah, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led the funeral prayer for him in Madinah.

Killing of the king of Persia and the enthronement of Buran

The king of Persia was killed in Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH), then his daughter Buran was made ruler over them, and there is a reported saying attributed to the Prophet ﷺ: «Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: "A people who make a woman their leader will never succeed." [HadeethEnc.com, api-v1]».

Prescription of the sadaqat (zakah) and assignment of collectors (event)

The information mentions that in Year 9 after the Hijrah, zakah was prescribed, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ assigned his collectors to zakah to carry out this ruling and organize its collection.

Dimam ibn Tha'labah arrives, accepts Islam and calls his people

Dimam ibn Tha'labah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, accepted Islam, then returned to his people and called them to Islam, and they all responded on that same day.

Arrival of the delegation of Banu Asad

The delegation of Banu Asad came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH).

Arrival of the delegation of the Daris of Lakhm

Arrival of the delegation of Bahra

The information states that a delegation from Bahra came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH).

Arrival of the delegation of Banu al-Bakka

Arrival of the delegation of Banu Fazarah

The delegation of Banu Fazarah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH). It was one of the delegation events that took place in that year.

Arrival of the delegation of Tha'labah

Arrival of the delegation of Sa'd Hudhaym

The delegation of Sa'd Hudhaym came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH).

Arrival of the delegation of Murrah to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

Arrival of the delegation of Kilab

The delegation of Kilab came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH). This was one of the reception of delegations events that year.

Arrival of the delegation of Kinanah

The delegation of Kinanah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 9 after the Hijrah (9 AH)

Arrival of the delegation of Tujib

The Prophet ﷺ withdraws from his wives for a month (ila')

The source mentions that the Prophet ﷺ withdrew from his wives for a month in this year. Al-Rahiq al-Makhtum mentions that he stayed away from his wives in a room of his for a month, so some of the Companions at first thought that he had divorced them. Then the matter became clear to them.

The li'an (mutual oath) between Uwaymir al-Ajlani and his wife (event)

The information mentions that the li'an took place between Uwaymir al-Ajlani and his wife in this year, and The Sealed Nectar mentions that this was after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived from Tabuk.

Expedition of Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As to Yemen

Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid to Banu Abd al-Madan in Najran

In Rabi' al-Awwal of Year 10 after the Hijrah, the expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid may Allah be pleased with him to Banu Abd al-Madan in Najran took place.

Arrival of the delegation of al-Harith ibn Ka'b

The delegation of Al-Harith ibn Ka'b came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Rabi' al-Akhar of Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH).

Conversion of Adi ibn Hatim

Adi ibn Hatim at-Ta'i came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Sha'ban of the Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH), and he embraced Islam.

Arrival of the delegation of Khawlan as Muslims

In Sha'ban of Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH), the delegation of Khawlan came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, believing and affirming the truth. This was one of the events in the succession of delegations in the late Makkan period and the beginning of Islam's spread among the tribes.

Arrival of the delegation of Ghamid

In Ramadan of Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH), the delegation of Ghamid came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

The Prophet's ﷺ i'tikaf in Ramadan and Jibril's revision of the Quran with him

The Prophet ﷺ observed i'tikaf in Ramadan in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH) for twenty days, and Jibril (Gabriel) peace be upon him revised the Quran with him twice.

Arrival of the delegation of Ghassan

The delegation of Ghassan came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Ramadan of that year. The reference material also noted that Ghassan was among the tribes to whom the Prophet ﷺ presented Islam during the stage of inviting tribes and individuals to Islam, and there is no other confirmed detail about this delegation.

Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib to Yemen and the conversion of Hamdan

Ali ibn Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him went on an expedition to Yemen in Ramadan of this year, and as a result, the tribe of Hamdan accepted Islam at his hands in one day.

Conversion of Jarir ibn Abdullah and his dispatch to Dhu al-Khalasah

Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali, may Allah be pleased with him, came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as a Muslim in Ramadan of Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH), and the Prophet ﷺ sent him to Dhu al-Khalasah, where he destroyed it.

Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib to Yemen

The event mentions that in Ramadan of Year 10 after the Hijrah, there was the second Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib to Yemen. So the description is limited to this confirmed detail.

Arrival of the delegation of Salaman

In Shawwal of Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH), the delegation of Salaman came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

The Farewell Pilgrimage

In Dhu al-Hijjah of Year 10 after the Hijrah, the Prophet ﷺ performed The Farewell Pilgrimage, the pilgrimage linked to his last farewell to the rites. It is reported that he said in it: «خذوا عني مناسككم، فلعلي لا أحج بعد عامي هذا».

Ali ibn Abi Talib arrives from Najran to perform Hajj with the Prophet ﷺ

Ali ibn Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him arrived from Najran to Makkah in Dhu al-Hijjah of Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH) to perform Hajj with the Prophet ﷺ.

Revelation of the verse completing the religion at Arafah

The verse Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allāh, and [those animals] killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you [are able to] slaughter [before its death], and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and [prohibited is] that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islām as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful. (Noor International Center) was revealed to the Prophet ﷺ while he was standing at Arafah on Friday. In the reported narration, it says that the verse came down after he finished the sermon, so Umar may Allah be pleased with him wept, and the Prophet ﷺ asked him why he was crying, then said to him: You spoke the truth.

Musaylimah claims prophethood; the Prophet's vision concerning him and al-Aswad al-Ansi

Musaylimah al-Kadhdhab claimed prophethood in Dhu al-Hijjah of the 10th year, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had seen a vision concerning him and Al-Aswad al-Ansi, then it happened as he had seen it.

Arrival of the delegation of al-Azd to the Prophet ﷺ

The delegation of al-Azd came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH) led by Surad ibn Abdullah al-Azdi may Allah be pleased with him.

Arrival of the delegation of Zubayd

In Year 10 after the Hijrah, the delegation of Zubayd came to the Prophet ﷺ. This was one of the events of presenting Islam to tribes and individuals in the later Makkan period.

Farwah ibn Musayk al-Muradi arrives, accepts Islam and is appointed over Murad, Zubayd and Madhhij

Farwah ibn Musayk al-Muradi came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH) and accepted Islam. The Prophet ﷺ appointed him over Murad, Zubayd and Madhhij, and sent Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As with him to collect charity.

Second arrival of the delegation of Abd al-Qays and the conversion of al-Jarud

In their second delegation visit, the delegation of Abd al-Qays came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah, and among them was al-Jarud ibn al-Mu'alla, who was a Christian and then became Muslim.

Arrival of the delegation of Banu Hanifah

The delegation of Banu Hanifah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH), and among them was Musaylimah al-Kadhdhab. Reports mention that the Prophet ﷺ first sought to win over Musaylimah through kindness, then Musaylimah showed aversion and ambition for leadership, and after returning to al-Yamamah he claimed prophethood.

The delegation of Banu Amir and the attempted treachery against the Prophet ﷺ

Amir ibn at-Tufayl and Arbad ibn Qays ibn Jaz came to the Prophet ﷺ in the delegation of Banu Amir ibn Sa‘sa‘ah, having plotted to attack him. When the delegation drew near to the Prophet ﷺ, Allah protected him, and he invoked Allah against them. Arbad was struck by lightning and burned, and Amir was struck by a swelling in his neck and died.

Arrival of the delegation of Tayy and their conversion

The delegation of Tayy came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah, and Zayd al-Khayr was among them, so they embraced Islam.

Wabr ibn Yuhannis goes to the Abna in Yemen and calls them to Islam

Wabr ibn Yuhannis came to the Abna in Yemen to call them to Islam, and Fayruz ad-Daylami, Wahb ibn Munabbih, Ata ibn Markabud, and others embraced Islam.

Conversion of Badhan and his confirmation as governor of Yemen

Badhan, who was in charge of Yemen, embraced Islam and sent word of his Islam to the Prophet ﷺ, and the Prophet ﷺ confirmed him as governor of Yemen.

Arrival of the delegation of Kindah and their conversion

The delegation of Kindah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah, and among them was Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays al-Kindi. They embraced Islam.

Arrival of the delegation of Muharib

A delegation from Muharib came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH)

Revelation of the verse on seeking permission in the three times of privacy (event)

In this year, a verse from Surat an-Nur was revealed commanding those whom your right hands possess and those who have not reached puberty to ask permission at three private times inside al-Buyut: before dawn prayer, when putting aside clothes at noon, and after evening prayer. The report explains that people were not doing this before it was revealed.

Death of Ibrahim, son of the Prophet ﷺ

Ibrahim, the son of the Prophet ﷺ, died in this year, and he was one and a half years old.

Solar eclipse on the day Ibrahim died

The information states that the sun was eclipsed on the day of the death of Ibrahim, son of the Prophet ﷺ, and the Prophet ﷺ prayed the eclipse prayer.

Conversion of Farwah ibn Amr al-Judhami and his execution

Farwah ibn Amr al-Judhami became Muslim. He was one of the Roman commanders over the Arabs. He sent a messenger to the Prophet ﷺ to tell him of his Islam, but when the Romans learned of this, they seized him and killed him.

Arrival of the delegation of the Ruhawiyyin

It is mentioned that in Year 10 after the Hijrah, the delegation of the Ruhawiyyin came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

Arrival of the delegation of Abs

The delegation of Abs arrived to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH).

Arrival of the delegation of as-Sadif

The event mentions that the delegation of as-Sadif came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH).

Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and Mu'adh ibn Jabal sent to Yemen

The Prophet ﷺ sent Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and Mu'adh ibn Jabal may Allah be pleased with them both to Yemen. The source passage says that he put Mu'adh in charge of the upper district on the side of Aden, and sent Abu Musa over the lower district. He advised them to make things easy and not to differ.

Expedition to Ru'yah as-Suhaymi

In Year 10 after the Hijrah, there was an expedition to Ru'yah as-Suhaymi, and it was connected to a letter from the Prophet ﷺ that he responded to with his water-skin.

Arrival of the delegation of Qushayr ibn Ka'b

The information states that the delegation of Qushayr ibn Ka'b came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH).

Arrival of the delegation of Bajilah

The delegation of Bajilah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Year 10 after the Hijrah (10 AH), as part of the Arab delegations that came to Makkah during the Hajj season to be presented with Islam and invited to it.

Emergence of al-Aswad al-Ansi in Yemen

In Muharram of Year 11 after the Hijrah, Al-Aswad al-Ansi appeared in Yemen and claimed prophethood. His trial spread until Najran and Sana'a submitted to him.

Arrival of the delegation of an-Nakha

Usamah ibn Zayd appointed commander of the army of ash-Sham; it halts at al-Jurf (event)

In Safar of Year 11 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered Usamah ibn Zayd over an army heading to ash-Sham. The people went out with him until they reached al-Jurf, then the illness of the Prophet ﷺ stopped them until they waited to see what Allah would decree.

The Prophet ﷺ goes out by night to al-Baqi and prays for forgiveness for its dead

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out in the depths of the night to al-Baqi in Safar of Year 11 after the Hijrah (11 AH), and sought forgiveness for its people as if he were bidding them farewell.

Onset of the Prophet's ﷺ final illness

In the last days of Safar of Year 11 after the Hijrah (11 AH), the illness began with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. This marked the start of the final stage of his noble life.

The Prophet's ﷺ illness worsens and he asks leave to be nursed in Aishah's house

The illness of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ grew severe in Rabi' al-Awwal of Year 11 after the Hijrah while he was in the house of Maymunah may Allah be pleased with her. He gathered his wives and asked their permission to be nursed in the house of Aishah may Allah be pleased with her, and they allowed him.

The Prophet's ﷺ sermon five days before his death

In the last days of the Prophet's ﷺ life, he delivered a sermon to the people, mentioned the virtue of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, advised the Ansar well, and warned against taking graves as places of prayer.

The Prophet ﷺ orders Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer

In Rabi' al-Awwal of Year 11 after the Hijrah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer, and he led them for three days.

The Prophet ﷺ leads the people in prayer seated during his final illness

It shows that shortly before his death, the Prophet ﷺ prayed seated with the people, while the Companions prayed behind him standing.

Killing of al-Aswad al-Ansi and the Prophet's ﷺ foretelling it before the news arrived

In Rabi' al-Awwal of Year 11 after the Hijrah, the liar Al-Aswad al-Ansi was killed by Fayruz ad-Daylami. This was one day before the death of the Prophet ﷺ, and the Prophet ﷺ had told his Companions about it before the news reached them from Yemen.

The death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away at midday on Monday, the 12th of Rabi‘ al-Awwal in Year 11 after the Hijrah (11 AH), after he had fully conveyed his Lord's Message.

Pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr as caliph on the day the Prophet ﷺ died

The Muslims gave allegiance to Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with him as caliph on the day the Prophet ﷺ died.

The burial of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was buried on Tuesday, the thirteenth of Rabi‘ al-Awwal in Year 11 after the Hijrah (11 AH).

Death of Fatimah six months after the Prophet ﷺ

Fatimah may Allah be pleased with her died six months after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she was the last of his children to die.

Length of his ﷺ mission and his stay in Makkah and Madinah

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sent when he was forty years old, stayed in Makkah for thirteen years, and in Madinah for ten years, then he died at the age of sixty-three.