مراحل السيرة
صفحة تفاعلية تعرض أحداث هذه المرحلة في مسار بصري موحّد مع خريطة السيرة، مع صور رمزية لكل حدث دون تصوير للنبي ﷺ أو الصحابة.
When the Prophet ﷺ reached forty years of age, Jibril (Gabriel) came to him with revelation (wahy) from his Lord while he was in the Cave of Hira. This was the beginning of prophethood, and the authority was confirmed.
The call to Islam (da'wah) began secretly in Makkah, and this stage lasted for three years before the call to Islam (da'wah) moved to broader and more public stages.
The event points to the entry of the earliest forerunners into Islam at the beginning of the call to Islam (da'wah), including Khadijah, Ali, Zayd, and Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with them. They were the core of the first believing group.
The Prophet ﷺ was commanded to proclaim the call to Islam openly. This led to his people confronting him and showing hostility, and a harder stage of harm and turning people away from Allah's path began.
When the polytheists saw that their earlier methods had failed to stop the call to Islam, they consulted one another and then decided to torture the Muslims and try to turn them away from their religion. Each leader tortured those from his tribe or slaves who had accepted Islam, but the believers remained patient and steadfast in their faith.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ chose Dar al-Arqam as a place where he could meet the Muslims in secret. There he recited Allah’s verses to them, purified them, and taught them the Book and wisdom. This was at a time when the call to Islam was facing harm from the polytheists and the danger of confrontation if it were public.
A group of the Companions emigrated to Abyssinia with the permission of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the fifth year of the Prophetic Mission to protect their faith. Among them were Uthman ibn Affan, Az-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf, and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, and they stayed there for ten years.
Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with them both, embraced Islam in the sixth year of the Prophetic Mission, and their conversion had a clear impact on the strength of Islam and the Muslims.
Quraysh came together to boycott Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib. They wrote a charter in which they agreed not to marry among them, nor buy or sell with them, nor sit with them, nor mix with them, until they handed over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to be killed. Then the charter was hung inside the Kabah, and Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib were confined in the Valley (shi'b) of Abu Talib.
Quraysh united to boycott Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib and confine them in the Valley (shi'b) of Abu Talib. The blockade lasted three years until some men of Quraysh worked to break the Charter (Sahifah), so the siege ended and Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib came out of the valley.
In Year 10 after the call, Abu Talib died, then Khadijah may Allah be pleased with her died three days later. The Prophet ﷺ was deeply saddened by both, and Quraysh increased its harm against him after Abu Talib’s death.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ contracted marriage with Aishah may Allah be pleased with her in Shawwal of this year when she was six years old, then consummated the marriage with her in Madinah in Year 1 after the Hijrah (1 AH) when she was nine years old.
In Shawwal of this year, the Prophet ﷺ married Sawdah bint Zam'ah, may Allah be pleased with her. She had accepted Islam long before and had made the second Hijrah to Abyssinia (Habashah). Her husband, As-Sakran ibn Amr, had died, so she became the first woman the Prophet ﷺ married after the death of Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her.
The Prophet ﷺ went to Ta'if to call its people to Islam, but they did not respond and harmed him, so he returned saddened. Then Allah strengthened him by showing him His support: He sent the angel of the mountains to him, and a group of jinn embraced Islam at his hands, then he entered Makkah under the protection of al-Mut'im ibn Adi.
During the Hajj season in the eleventh year of the Mission, the Prophet ﷺ presented his call to the tribes. Six men from Yathrib responded, then returned to Madinah carrying Islam, and it spread among their people.
The Isra and Mi'raj took place in the twelfth year of the call, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, then ascended to Sidrat al-Muntaha, and Allah made the five daily prayers obligatory for him and his ummah.
In the Hajj season of the twelfth year of prophethood, twelve men from the Ansar came to the Prophet ﷺ at al-Aqabah and gave him the pledge, so this pledge was called The First Pledge of al-Aqabah. Then he sent Mus'ab ibn Umayr with them to teach them the Quran and deepen their understanding of religion, and that had a major effect on the spread of Islam in Madinah.
In the Hajj season of the thirteenth year of the mission, seventy men from the Ansar pledged to the Prophet ﷺ at al-Aqabah to support and protect him if he emigrated to them. Twelve leaders were chosen from among them, so this pledge was called The Second Pledge of al-Aqabah.
After permission was given for the Muslims to emigrate to Madinah, the Prophet ﷺ ordered his Companions to emigrate. He stayed waiting for permission to emigrate, and Abu Bakr and Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both, were with him in the event.
Quraysh met in Dar an-Nadwah and plotted to kill the Prophet ﷺ. Jibril peace be upon him informed him of their scheme, and Allah permitted him to leave, so he prepared for the Hijrah and emigrated.